The first five components of
a business plan provide an overview of the business opportunity and market
research to support it. The remaining five components of the plan focus mainly
on strategy, primarily the marketing, operational, financial and management
strategies that that firm will employ. This article details these elements.
Marketing Plan. The marketing plan details your strategy for
penetrating the target markets. Key components include the following:
A description of the company’s desired strategic positioning
Detailed descriptions of the company’s product and service offerings and
potential product extensions
Descriptions of the company’s desired image and branding strategy
Descriptions of the company’s promotional strategies
An overview of the company’s pricing strategies
A description of current and potential strategic marketing partnerships/
alliances
Operations/Design and Development Plans. These sections detail the
internal strategies for building the venture from concept to reality, and
include answers to the following questions:
What functions will be required to run the business?
What milestones must be reached before the venture can be launched?
How will quality be controlled?
Management Team. The Management Team section demonstrates that the
company has the required human resources to be successful. The business plan
must answer questions including:
Who are the key management personnel and what are their backgrounds?
What management additions will be required to make the business a success?
Who are the other investors and/or shareholders, if any?
Who comprises the Board of Directors and/or Board of Advisors?
Who are the professional advisors (e.g., lawyer, accounting firm)?
Financial Plan. The Financial Plan involves the development of the
company’s revenue and profitability model. It includes detailed explanations of
the key assumptions used in building the model, sensitivity analysis on key
revenue and cost variables, and description of comparable valuations for
existing companies with similar business models.
In addition, the financial plan assesses the amount of capital the firm
needs, the proposed use of these funds, and the expected future earnings. It
includes Projected Income Statements, Balance Sheets and Cash Flow Statements,
broken out quarterly for the first two years, and annually for years 1-5.
Importantly, all of the assumptions and projections in the financial plan must
flow from and be supported by the descriptions and explanations offered in the
other sections of the plan. The Financial Plan is where the entrepreneur
communicates how he/she plans to “monetize” the overall vision for the new
venture.
Appendix. The Appendix is used to support the rest of the business
plan. Every business plan should have a full set of financial projections in the
Appendix, with the summary of these financials in the Executive Summary and the
Financial Plan. Other documentation that could appear in the Appendix includes
technical drawings, partnership and/or customer letters, expanded competitor
reviews and/or customer lists.
Expertly and comprehensively discussing these components in their business
plan helps entrepreneurs to better understand their business opportunity and
assists them in convincing investors that the opportunity may be right for them
too.
As President of
Growthink Business Plans, Dave Lavinsky has helped the company become one of
the premier business plan development firms. Since its inception, Growthink has
developed over 200 business plans. Growthink clients have collectively raised
over $750 million in financing, launched numerous new product and service lines
and gained competitive advantage and market share.
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